Brucelose bovina e humana no Brasil (2012-2025): análise econômica e subnotificação baseada em dados secundários

Abstract

Brucellosis is a globally significant infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella, affecting domestic and wild animals as well as humans. Despite its widespread presence, brucellosis remains underreported in Brazil, resulting in significant public health and economic consequences. This study analyzed the temporal distribution (2012–2025) of human and bovine brucellosis and estimated the associated economic impacts. It is a quantitative, retrospective study based on secondary data from the Unified Health System’s Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS; ICD-10 code A23) and the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Supply’s (MAPA) Zoosanitary Information System. During the study period, 299 human hospitalizations were recorded in the SIH/SUS, predominantly among men of working age, consistent with occupational exposure. Costs exceeded R$341, concentrated primarily in the South and Southeast regions. Concurrently, active surveillance studies indicate prevalence rates far higher than official notifications, confirming systemic underreporting and a likely underestimation of the disease burden. The study concludes that brucellosis remains insufficiently detected, generating significant hospital costs and substantial economic losses, alongside a marked discrepancy between official data and active surveillance findings. Expanding active surveillance, improving diagnostic capabilities in critical areas, and integrating SUS and MAPA efforts under a "One Health" approach are recommended to accurately assess the magnitude of the problem and guide more effective control policies.