Protótipo de sistema IOT para segurança automotiva: detecção de coupantes em veículos fechados

Abstract

Leaving children and animals inside closed vehicles poses a serious safety risk, potentially leading to fatal consequences due to rising interior temperatures. This project originated from professional observations regarding the installation of remote locking systems in vehicles lacking occupant monitoring features, highlighting a lack of affordable solutions designed to prevent such incidents. Given this context, this work presents the development of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based automotive safety system prototype designed to detect occupants in closed vehicles and send remote alerts to the user. The system was developed using an ESP32 microcontroller as the main processing unit and an ESP32-CAM module for image capture. To identify risky situations, weight, presence, and sound sensors were integrated; the data from these sensors is processed using decision logic designed to minimize false alerts. When a risk condition is detected, the ESP32 triggers the ESP32-CAM to capture images of the vehicle's interior and automatically send them to the user via the Telegram API, using a pre-configured Wi-Fi connection. System activation and deactivation were simulated using an infrared remote control, representing the locking and unlocking of the vehicle. To validate the proposal, experimental tests were conducted across various operating scenarios, evaluating sensor performance, detection logic, and remote communication. The results demonstrated that the prototype successfully identified the presence of occupants and sent notifications containing images in a timely manner, confirming the viability of the proposed solution. It is concluded that the integration of embedded systems, sensors, and IoT communication offers a low-cost alternative with the potential to enhance automotive safety.