Produção de biodiesel usando óleo residual de fritura com os conceitos de desenvolvimento sustentável
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Abstract
The present study sought to study the production of biodiesel by alkaline methanolysis, using soy oil as raw material and residual oil of frying, in addition to data collection that allowed the evaluation of the viability of deployment of a biodiesel industry in the municipality of Ubá-M.G. The alkaline methanolysis was accomplished by varying the raw material, the catalyst temperature and molar ration oil-alcohol. The raw materials were used in the presence of sodium and potassium hydroxides catalysts, with use of ambient temperatures (200C -250C) and industrial (450C) in the proportion of oil: 1:4 alcohol and 1:8. The conversion of triglycerides into methyl esters was determined by gas chromatography, coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-FID) and the results were compared with respect yield and to density, and methyl ester %. Glycerol phase purification methodology was tested. For data collection were prepared two questionnaires, one for the general population and another for traders in the area of food. These studies associated with data surveys in conjunction with the IBGE were used to determine the viability deployment of biodiesel mini industry. The results obtained in laboratory experiments had allowed a comparison between the variables used and the data collected by the literature. The best results were obtained using commercial soybean oil, at the rate of 1:8, with catalyst KOH and the 45° C. The use of residual frying oil instead of soybean oil had produced biodiesel with ether % and satisfactory yields in the industry conditions , but in ambient conditions there was the production of biodiesel with less ether and yields. The results of the questionnaires found out that only 30,7% of the population offer the residue for recycling and in trading this relationship is 57.1%. The study of the viability of deployment of the biodiesel industry has shown that the municipality has the potential to generate enough residual oil frying, but it is needed an environmental awareness to trade and, mainly of the population aiming at the recoil and suitable destination of waste frying.
