Dinâmica do uso e cobertura do solo sobre a área de proteção ambiental vargem das flores e alterações na qualidade da água do reservatório
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Abstract
The reservoir of Vargem das Flores, one of the main sources of water supply in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte, is located in the Vargem das Flores Environmental Prot ection Area (EPA), on the border of the city of Contagem and Betim Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Currently, the reservoir receives a supply of nutrients mainly from the discharge of sanitary and industrial effluents that are generated as a result of the urba nization process and the development of industrial activities in the hydrographic basin in which it is inserted. This study aimed to analyze the influence of the use and groundcover on the quality of the water in the reservoir, based on the application of the Trophic State Index proposed by Carlson (1977) and modified by Lamparelli (2004). For thiswere used images of the satellites TM/ Landsat 5 and OLI/ Landsat 8, which underwent a supervised classification process in order to obtain maps of groundcover and cover maps from the years 1986, 1996, 2006 and 2016. The determination of the trophic state of the reservoir was based on samples collected by the Companhia de Saneamento de Minas Gerais (COPASA) in 1991, 1993 and 2006 to 2016, in 4 monitoring stations. Th e results indicated that urbanization was the class that had the highest growth within the EPA, registering an increase of more than 67% over four decades. Besides the reflecting pool reservoirregistered a decrease of more than 30%. After the application o f the TSI, it was possible to verify a predominance of the "mesotrophic" state until the year 2014. However, between the years of 2015 and 2016, there were records of the "eutrophic" and "hypereutrophic" states. These data indicate that the process of eutr ophication of the reservoir has been increasing over the years due to anthropic actions that cause alteration in the use and groundcover of the soil of the drainage system, pressing the environmental resources and generating negative impacts on the quality of the water. Therefore, it is suggested that the effluent collection and treatment systems be implemented in every drainage system of contribution, in order to reduce and / or eliminate the nutrient sources responsible for the eutrophication process of t he reservoir. In addition, actions that discipline the way of using the land and the groundcoverplanning within the EPA are essential to maintain the quantity and quality of available water resources in this important source of supply.
