Comparação dos métodos de avaliação de empresas: um estudo de caso em uma indústria de mineração de calcário do centro oeste de Minas Gerais
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Abstract
The present research aims to determine the evaluation of a company by applying three evaluation methods in a case study in a company in the limestone mining sector, in the center west of Minas Gerais. The research aims to deliver two products: the first being the technical product which determines the evaluation of a company using the techniques mentioned above, the second a conclusive report. To this end, evaluation is applied using the following methods: i) accounting; ii) relative or multiple valuation and iii) discounted cash flow (DCF). A case study was prepared with access to the company's financial statements during the period from 2011 to 2023, as well as data collection on projections and financial indicators of companies in the mining sector, with shares on B3. Before applying the evaluation methods, it was necessary to analyze the brief history of the company, the sector and the financial policies adopted in the company chosen for analysis. To evaluate the DCF method, the model of two advances was changed, the first being between 2024 and 2028 and the second assuming perpetuity, taking as a projection basis the company's financial indicators obtained in the period from 2019 to 2023. As a result, it was found that the company has profitability and liquidity considered satisfactory, however, it has a cost of capital considered high due to the zero debt policy and presented difficulties in generating positive free cash flows in the observed and projected periods. For evaluation by multiples, a comparison was made with Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional, a company in the same sector with other companies in the sector with shares on the stock exchange. According to the accounting valuation of the assets, the company has a value of R$ 478,492,107.81, whereas using the discounted cash flow method, the value was R$ 330,526,500.40, while using the multiples approach, the value found was R$ 421,418,783.65, considering the EV/Asset multiple, or 616,935,957.46, using the EV/Sales multiple, both based on the sector, average value from 5 previous years. The results obtained for other multiples were considered non-compliant with the accounting and discounted cash flow methods. Furthermore, it was possible to observe that the value of the company analyzed has greater sensitivity in investment policies in both capex and working capital and in its capital structure, which targets 100% equity, which increases the company's cost of capital. As practical implications, it was possible to conclude that the comparison of evaluation methods allowed, based on the adherence between the methods, to obtain estimates considered more appropriate of the company's value, as well as to identify strengths and weaknesses in operational, investment and financing strategies. of the company, which were prepared in the format of a conclusive report.
