Saúde ambiental em Bambuí-MG e sua associação na ocorrência da Leishmaniose Visceral Canina
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Abstract
The environmental health analysis facilitates the understanding of the elements that interfere in the health-disease process of a locality. In this work, a study was made on the environmental health of the city of Bambuí / MG, using indicators of the methodology Driving Force - Pressure - Situation - Exposure - Effect - Action (FPSEEA) of the World Health Organization (WHO), to verify the relationship between the environmental health of the municipality and the occurrence of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (LVC). In the quantification of the frequency of CVL, serological tests were performed on 367 dogs participating in a municipal animal sterilization campaign. Blood samples from dogs found to be reactive to the screening test - immunochromatography, DPP - were sent for laboratory confirmation by ELISA. The results showed disparities in the environmental health of the municipality, with high frequency of CVL (8.17%), suggesting the maintenance of transmission in the municipality. The analysis also used the georeferencing of housing of seropositive dogs that were grouped in clusters, corroborating that in Bambuí, some environmental variables contribute effectively to the infection. The direct correlation between the dog / man ratio and the CVL event was demonstrated, indicating the vulnerability of the human population of the municipality, exposed to the lack of canine reservoirs in the various locations of Bambuí. It also revealed a maximum chance of the disease occurring in neighborhoods with the largest number of households without collection or inadequate sewage facilities, as well as those without treated and piped water. Thus, the present study confirms that environmental variables contribute to the occurrence of Visceral Leishmaniasis, and serves as a warning to the surveillance agencies to establish measures to prevent and control this zoonosis, including educational and health actions in neighborhoods with poor environmental health.