Análise da viabilidade ambiental, técnica e econômica do potencial aproveitamento energético de biogás no aterro controlado de resíduos sólidos no município de Ribeirão das Neves–MG
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Abstract
The present study evaluated the technical, environmental and economic feasibility of the biogas energy potential in the solid waste landfill of Ribeirão das Neves-MG. The society develops through a complex system of use of the natural resources and generation of residues. The production of municipal solid waste presents great disparities, varying both in the various countries of the world, and within each country, from region to region where the asymmetry is evident and requires a management process with protocols and techniques not always fulfilled The decomposition of waste confined to landfills or dispersed by the environment emits gases related to atmospheric changes. In the present study, two methodologies were used to estimate biogas and methane gas generation, as recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, as well as sampling and gravimetric composition of municipal solid waste as the simplified methodology indicates by the FEAM of 2015 and ABNT NBR 10.007; 2004. Estimated data indicated an energy generation of 0.166 MW / h for the waste disposed in the ACRN, according to the US-EPA methodology, until the year 2024 and the recovery of methane gas (t / CH4) is enough to keep a microturbine running . The data obtained with the economic analysis showed the value of US $ 792,022.96 of investment and maintenance of operation over seven years, considering self-management, energy trading and emission reduction certification. A section of the present paper presents details of the current situation of the selective collection carried out by the network of scavengers, scrappers and cooperatives in the year 2017, evaluated from the perspective of Zero Waste, which determined a ZWI index of 0.0035 for Ribeirão das Neves. In one month, in 2017 40,955.50 liters of water were avoided; 50.5012 Gigajoule, which corresponds to 14,028 MWh of energy and there was a non-emission of 4.9 tons of CO2 in the atmosphere, with an amount of 9,594 kg of waste directed for recycling or reuse. Finally, the author proposed an integrated system for the inoculation of methanogenic bacteria, controlled hydration, percolated and biogas collection, as well as a recycler for paper and cardboard. It is important to emphasize the importance of encouraging the implementation of available technologies and adaptations in the sense of potentializing energy use as a suitable destination for greenhouse gases.
