Neoplasias mamárias em cadelas e o uso de anticoncepcional

Neoplasia means new growth (Greek “neo” “plasis” = neoformation), which corresponds to a process of disordered cellular proliferation, triggered by multifactorial causes. In the case of mammary neoplasms, this disordered cell multiplication occurs in the animal's mammary glands, and can be triggered by genetic, hormonal, nutritional and environmental factors. In the canine species, mammary gland neoplasms are more common in dogs, representing around 50 to 70% of all those observed in this species. It is known that hormones play a fundamental role in the emergence of breast neoplasms, since endogenous and exogenous hormones have the function of stimulating cellular proliferation of the mammary epithelium. However, the physiological effects of hormones on mammary glandular tissue, which promote cell proliferation, can also stimulate the emergence of breast neoplasms, predisposing to genetic changes, when there is a lack of control in hormonal secretion, resulting in loss of cellular homeostasis. The most accepted etiology regarding the influence of hormones on the development of breast neoplasms is exposure to exogenous hormones, such as contraceptives. They present similar action to endogenous hormones, but with more exacerbated duration and effects even at minimal therapeutic doses. Considering the risk that many animals are being exposed to these principles, the present work sought, through a literature review, to describe the effects of the use of contraceptives on the development of mammary neoplasms. It´s concluded that the indiscriminate use by the tutors and the lack of knowledge of the adverse effects can cause damage to the animal's health due to the development of mammary neoplasms.