A abertura do mercado livre de energia via comercializador varejista sob a ótica da sustentabilidade: certificado de energia renovável, economia e calculadora de viabilidade

Since 1999, the Brazilian open energy market has allowed for the negotiation of energy prices between generating agents, traders, and consumers, provided that certain regulatory requirements are met. This has created a market niche restricted to medium and large companies. In 2022, the Ministry of Mines and Energy published Ordinance No. 50 of 2022, guaranteeing the right for all high-voltage consumers (Group A) to migrate to the free contracting environment starting January 2024. Due to this autonomy, new companies can access clean, renewable, sustainable, certified, and zero-carbon-emission energy, significantly reducing their financial costs with electricity. However, sector legislation and methods for calculating financial gains are not widely disseminated and are difficult to understand for those not in the energy trading sector. Thus, this dissertation aims to explain how a company can reduce its energy consumption costs and achieve zero CO2 emissions in this segment through the Renewable Energy Certificate. This opportunity aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal No. 7 and the best environmental, social, and governance practices. Two articles are presented in this work as chapters. The first article, in Chapter 2, addresses what a renewable energy certificate (REC) is through a systematic literature review. The certification of electricity consumption from renewable sources allows companies to achieve zero greenhouse gas emissions. The second article, in Chapter 3, explains the new legislation, criteria, and calculations for acquiring renewable energy in the open energy market through the retail trader. A calculation methodology with mathematical formulas is presented to simplify and popularize the knowledge. Finally, complementing the study presented, a Technological Technical Product (PTT) is introduced: a software program developed in Python called the Open Market Calculator, which applies the knowledge presented through an accessible system that generates a study based on user-input data and automatically updated tariffs approved by National Electric Energy Agency (ANEEL).